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Eating disorders are a serious group of illnesses characterized by significant and persistent disturbances in eating behaviour. These disorders can severely impact an individual's physical health, psychological well-being, and daily functioning. There are several types of eating disorders, with the most common being Anorexia Nervosa, Bulimia Nervosa, and Binge Eating Disorder. Additionally, less well-known types, such as Orthorexia Nervosa, also exist.
Anorexia nervosa is an eating disorder characterized by an intense fear of gaining weight, even when the individual is severely underweight, leading to persistent efforts to lose weight. People with anorexia nervosa may follow extremely low-calorie diets, exercise excessively, or engage in behaviours such as self-induced vomiting after eating.
Bulimia nervosa is an eating disorder characterized by episodes of binge eating followed by harmful behaviours—such as vomiting, laxative use, or excessive exercise—to cope with feelings of guilt or shame. This cycle can negatively impact an individual's physical and emotional health.
Binge Eating Disorder is characterized by recurrent episodes of uncontrolled binge eating without the subsequent harmful behaviours to lose weight that are seen in Bulimia Nervosa. This condition often leads to weight gain and obesity.
Orthorexia nervosa is an eating disorder characterized by an obsession with eating only healthy or "correct" foods. This obsession can lead to excessively restrictive diets, nutritional deficiencies, and social isolation due to the avoidance of foods deemed unhealthy.
The causes of eating disorders are typically complex, involving a combination of genetic, environmental, psychological, and sociocultural factors. Effective treatment often requires a multidisciplinary approach, including psychotherapy, nutritional counselling, and sometimes medication. Early intervention is crucial in the treatment of eating disorders, making it essential to seek professional help if someone shows signs of an eating disorder.
